Summa Theologica- Second Part Essay Sample free essay sample

Presentation Thomas Aquinas ( 1225-1274 ) expounded on numerous virtuousnesss. In unconventional he expounded on â€Å"temperance. judiciousness. mettle. also, justice† ( p 5 ) . He composed that he accepted justness was the most noteworthy goodness and clarified what justness was and why he accepted justness to be the most noteworthy righteousness. Aquinas ( 1225-1274 ) clarified that virtuousnesss are practices. Temperances. other than justness. are selfish. focusing only on one aspect of ethical conduct. Aquinas ( 1225-1274 ) accepted that justness secured all virtuousnesss. Aquinas ( 1225-1274 ) clarified the virtuousnesss other than justness administration one’s ain sense of self. An outline of balance ( calmness ) is maintaining a strategic distance from or telling intoxicant ingestion to benefit the self image yet non others. A delineation of judiciousness is taking a gander at a situation in a specific way however another individual could take a gander at the situation in an alternate way (, for example, subjugation during Thomas Aquinas Era ) . Holy person Augustine affirmed subjugation where Saint Thomas was against it. In this representation we perceive how the righteousness of reasonability is pinpointed to one feature of conduct. We will compose a custom paper test on Summa Theologica-Second Part Essay Sample or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Grit is the boldness to make right regardless of whether it is strange. for example, a maestro supporting a slave during Thomas’s age. This again simply covers the one uprightness of fortitude. Aquinas ( 1225-1274 ) comprehended justness similar to an ethicalness covering all virtuousnesss under one umbrella. Aquinas ( 1225-1274 ) accepted justness to be the focal ( most elevated ) uprightness. He characterized justness as a goodness. also, as the demonstration of taking care of others in a right. only. just way. Aquinas ( 1225-1274 ) expressed â€Å"all Acts of the Apostless of prudence can allude to justness. to the extent that it guides grown-up male to the regular good† ( p. 6 ) . This implies Aquinas accepted justness to be the most noteworthy excellence since it guides grown-up male to move towards the benefit of everyone surprisingly. He accepted that justness is the attendant to mans’ conduct to another and to the network. Aquinas ( 1225-1274 ) expressed that justness needed to make with how universes act and that following these guidelines ( justness ) make universes upright. The overall ground that Aquinas ( 1225-1274 ) accepted justness was the most noteworthy temperance was on the grounds that he accepted that we need an incomparable uprightness that will control the entirety of the different virtuousnesss. He looks at a person that accomplished something without the reason to make so ( holding actus reus. however, non the work powers reas ) . In this manner. he accepted that making something is a greater amount of import to justness than the hugeness or enthusiasm to make. He clarified that we can ever be simply and spread right with our inner selves. in any case, covering with others is something that requires a specific righteousness. Aquinas ( 1225-1274 ) further clarified that holding emotions towards justness is nil contrasted with making something towards justnesss. Aquinas ( 1225-1274 ) accepted that justness was a specific ideals that goes past sentiments enthusiastically for the benefit of all. Equity. orchestrating to Aquinas ( 1225-1274 ) . was the taking ideals. instead of restraint. reasonability or backbone. The different virtuousnesss were simply useful for the purpose of satisfying a person’s energy or to encounter great. Equity was acceptable in light of the fact that it manages others. He clarified that it is of import that lawful justness covers the benefit of all versus the single great. Aquinas ( 1225-1274 ) accepts that legitimate justness is the principal temperance among all the good virtuousnesss on the grounds that he trusts it progresses in the direction of the benefit of everyone and sidesteps the single great. Choice Ethics. for example, balance. reasonability. what's more, determination were talked about in Aquinas ( 1225-1274 ) . Blending to Aquinas ( 1225-1274 ) . virtuousnesss were of import for the sense of self and for other people. The excellence of justness was clarified as the most elevated righteousness since justness was an ethical demonstration towards the benefit of all. MentionThomas Aquinas ( 1947 ) . Second Part of the Second Part. 58: Justice. In Summa Theologica. Deciphered by Fathers of the English Dominican Province. New York: Benziger Bros hypertext move convention:/moodle. royalroads. ca/moodle/pluginfile. php/20885/mod_page/content/5/Thomas_Aquinas. pdf

Transition from School to Work for the Disabled free essay sample

An examination of the social hindrances confronting youngsters with inabilities while moving from tied down training condition to work places. This paper looks at the hardships and troubles introduced to youthful crippled individuals when they need to step out into this present reality. The essayist clarifies that for any individual the move from school to work is a significant change and stresses the expanded difficulties confronting the debilitated. The paper takes a gander at what social and instructive devices should be made accessible to these individuals by the specialists and the help required by their families. Envision being thirty-five years of age and still totally subject to your folks. Most understudies with incapacities have been protected from this present reality their entire lives. A few families will in general need to give however much as could be expected to their youngsters with handicaps, for whatever length of time that conceivable. For most youngsters with inabilities, it isn't abnormal to continually have somebody investigating their shoulders and directing them through assignments and exercises for the duration of the day. We will compose a custom article test on Progress from School to Work for the Disabled or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Most workplaces don't take into consideration this sort of guidance for the representatives with inabilities. Regardless of the fact that it is so difficult to give up, it is progressively advantageous to the childs future to have proper preparing for work abilities and social aptitudes. Guardians ought to put their time and cash in ensuring their youngsters with inabilities have the information they have to find a new line of work once they have moved on from secondary school or even school. So as to have a fruitful future in the work environment, understudies with handicaps need to have proper progress preparing.

Tips and Tricks for a More Regenerative Sleep

Tips and Tricks for a More Regenerative Sleep How did you sleep last night? We don’t always even need to hear an answer to this question before we know it. Sometimes a glance into a person’s face tells it all â€" they look rugged and groggy.Yet, after a good night’s sleep we can look very different as well â€" our faces lit up and we almost look younger. This isn’t a trick either, as sleep has powerful regenerative qualities and I’m about to let you in on the secrets of getting a more regenerative sleep. WHY YOU NEED A GOOD NIGHT’S SLEEP?Before I delve into the secrets of a good regenerative sleep, the focus should be on the most essential questions of all: Why does any of this matter? Knowing how much benefits there are to sleep can help you make long lasting and effective chances. You truly start understanding why the following tricks are worth trying out and what you gain for sticking with them even if they seem silly at first.Mental benefitsPerhaps the most crucial changes you’ll start seeing as you start sleeping better are in terms of your mental wellbeing. Regenerative sleep will help you feel better and boost your mind’s capacity to operate. A study in 2002 looked at the impact sleep has on training in terms of motor skills. The study found that a good night’s sleep improved motor skills by 20%, while being awake had no significant increase to performance. Furthermore, the study highlighted the importance of the regenerative stages of sleep, which we’ll outline in t he next section. According to the data, there was a significant correlation between improvement in motor skills and the amount of sleep the person got during the second stage. In effect, by guaranteeing you sleep soundly, you can improve how your body is able to learn and adjust to new circumstances.In addition to boost in learning, a good sleep is beneficial in your ability to solve problems. In a separate study, published in Nature in 2004, scientists found sleep to be crucial for restructuring new memory representations. This in turn was found to improve the person’s ability to solve complex problems. According to the study, you can boost your chances of gaining new insight and ideas to problems simply by sleeping eight hours. So, next time you encounter a problem, you should just explore it for a while and then have a good, long sleep. Once you wake up, you might just have a solution for your problems. There’s plenty of truth in the saying, “Let’s sleep on it”.How does all of the above relate to mental wellbeing? Well, by being able to solve problems and learn new skills, you are essentially removing certain stresses away from your vicinity. You improve your ability to encounter tough challenges and to get over them without them turning into a huge problem in your mind.Physical benefitsBut it’s not just that sleep relaxes you and helps you gain perspective and knowledge, your body will benefit from a good night sleep as well. Stress has been shown to cause problems in skin health and its youthfulness. By reducing stress, through regenerative sleep, you can also improve your skin’s health and not just feel more radiant, but also look the part. Testosterone production also increases when you are sleeping well. In other studies, low testosterone in men has been linked to sleep apnoea and its harmful effects and by improving your sleep, you can prevent these problems occurring.Furthermore, sleeping well could even help you lose weight and to main tain a slimmer body. This is because lack of sleep has been linked with unbalanced insulin secretion, which is one cause of obesity. You can probably relate to this point easily, as we’ve all experienced those tired moments when McDonald’s always seems a better idea to a salad bowl. Finally, but by no means least important, the physical benefit of proper sleep could reduce your risk of cancer. Sleep is strongly shown to boost healthy cell division, which is crucial for fighting and preventing cancerous cells. Furthermore, the same study noted how irregular and insufficient sleep patters could cause abnormal metabolism, which can increase problems with your heart health as well.One study of professional basketball players actually looked at the overarching benefits of quality sleep. The researchers found a clear link between better athletic performance and enhanced sleep. The players reported they had more energy and felt less fatigued during and after games. In fact, they didn†™t just say the performance was better, but the mood improved as well. Sleep and its importance have become a big talking point in the past few years. If you need more convincing of its benefits, listen to this interview with Arianna Huffington. THE DIFFERENT STAGES OF SLEEPI mentioned the importance of stage three and four in the previous section. That’s correct, sleep isn’t just sleep from the moment you fall asleep to the time you wake up. In between, you go through four different stages, all of which are important, yet some of which have a crucial role in regenerative sleep. During the night, your body will cycle through the following stages:The stage of sleepWhat happens during this stage?N1You feel almost half asleep during this stage and it’s the moment where you are still somewhat aware of your surroundings, but when you start slowly losing this awareness. Often during N1, your body can make involuntary movements and you might feel your legs or arms jerking and twitchi ng.N2The N2 is the slightly deeper stage of N1 and it’s when you lose your awareness of the surroundings. You aren’t still fully immersed in sleep, but more or less unaware of what is happening around you. This stage actually takes up most of your nightly sleep, as it’s roughly 50% of total sleep time.N3In the third stage of sleep you are in a state of deep. Your body’s core temperature sets at this point and you are producing melatonin at a higher rate. During this stage, your muscles are fully relaxed and you are in a regenerative sleep. The mind and the body are regenerating and recovering from the day’s events. The stage doesn’t last too long and it cycles you to the most productive part of the different sleep cycles: REM.REMThe final stage, although it doesn’t mean it’s the last stage you sleep in, as these four keep cycling, is the REM or Rapid Eye Movement stage. When you are dreaming, you are in the REM stage. Interestingly, REM stage only takes around a quar ter of our nightly sleep, but it is, together with N3, the most important part of getting a good night’s sleep and gaining the above benefits.So, during the night your body will cycle between the two stages. The most important thing is to guarantee you sleep uninterrupted, so that you can reach the REM stage. You should enter this regenerative state at least once a night, although twice would be optimal. If you are interested in the stages and especially the REM state, you should check out the video below. THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF REGENERATIVE SLEEPHow can you guarantee you maximize the benefits and enjoy regenerative sleep each night? There are a few essential building blocks to regenerative sleep and I’ll look at these along with some tips on how to achieve them before providing you a few extra tricks to keep up your sleeve when sleeping become an issue.Solid sleeping environmentUnsurprisingly perhaps, the most crucial factor for good sleep is the environment in which you sleep in. If you think about the best sleep you’ve ever had, you probably didn’t sleep in a fully crowded departures lounge or on the office floor? To guarantee a solid sleeping environment, you need to focus on a few key elements. These include:Proper mattressYour mattress has a huge impact on how well you sleep. Pick the wrong type of mattress and you’ll be tossing and turning all night long. Remember, the right kind doesn’t mean the softest is always the best. We tend to have preferences in the softness of mattress, with some of us loving a sturdier mattress and others avoiding those as much as possible.When it comes to mattress type, the key is to test what suits you the best and to change the mattress regularly (Sleep Train recommends changing it every 7 years). Below is an image to help you when shopping for mattresses. Source and Copyrights: SoundBord.coThe right room temperature and noise controlAfter mattress, your focus should shift to the room temperature and its noisiness. First, if you go and check your bedroom’s room temperature, I’m almost certain it’s set too high. This is not because you have made a huge mistake, but because most of us make this critical error of warming our bedroom too much. Our intuition tends to tell us that warmer is better and cosier.While you shouldn’t be moving to an igloo, you will sleep well simply by turning down the room temperature a notch. The Wall Street Journal reported on the latest research on the subject and concluded that science shows the ideal temperature to be 65 Fahrenheit or around 18 Celsius. Keeping the room relatively chilly and then nestling in under thick, comforting blankets will feel amazingly soothing â€" just try it.In terms of sound, you would want to limit the noise levels. Since you can’t stop the outside world when you sleep, you should try white noise. It can block out background noise and it helps your body to relax. You can find white noise sleeping apps online â€" Sleep Genius is a useful app to consider if the noises are your sleeping kryptonite.Fresh airFinally, your sleeping environment should focus on the quality of air inside the room. You should plant a few plants to help in the production of fresh air. Jasmine can help reduce anxiety, according to a study and can therefore be helpful in nurturing your sleep.Aloe Vera emits oxygen at nighttime, guaranteeing plenty of fresh air in the room while you are sleeping. Above all, remember to regularly clean the bedroom and to open the air to allow fresh air to flow across the room.Effective sleeping habitsThe above tips help you optimize your sleeping environment, but you also need proper sleeping habits for regenerative sleep. The effective habits are surprisingly easy to follow and you won’t need to start changing your whole life around. You need to focus on two key habits: a sleeping schedule and your eating and drinking habits.In terms of schedule, you should create a solid sleeping routine. If you go to bed at 11pm on one day, 8pm the next and 3am on certain days, you keep your body guessing and it therefore doesn’t know when to relax. You must keep to your body’s circadian rhythm, which is the natural sleep-wake cycle. Stick to a regular sleeping time as much as you can. Choose a time when you are naturally tired (try to make it before 10pm) and ditch the alarm clock.OK, that might cause alarm bells to ring in your head, but the truth of the matter is: if you are sleeping enough, you don’t need an alarm. If you are not willing to sleep fully without a clock, get one that adjusts to your sleep stages and wakes you up at a time when you are already alert. To ensure you aren’t like a walking zombie each morning, increase your exposure to sunlight as soon as you get up.Go stand in the balcony, or front yard for a fe w second to bask in the sun â€" it doesn’t even need to be fully sunny; you just need plenty of natural light. If it is actually dark outside when you wake up, you can purchase a natural light lamp. These are great for improving your mood and helping you sleep better. Light exposure is not only crucial in the morning.Your body starts preparing for sleep as soon as the sun goes down, because the lack of this natural light sends a signal to your body to start producing more melatonin. As this happens, you become drowsier. This is exactly why you want to try follow the natural sleeping pattern. But it also means that if you are in a brightly lit environment late at night or are exposed to superficial light, you might find it hard to fall asleep.You should also adjust your sleep and eating routines before bedtime. Proper hydration is essential for ensuring a good night’s sleep. So, you should try to increase your water intake throughout the day, although you want to avoid drinking r ight before bedtime. Being adequately hydrated will also help with the other part of the equation: eating habits.If you are adequately dehydrated and you drink enough water, you won’t feel that false sense of hunger as often and therefore reach out to a box of biscuits. If you overeat three to four hours before sleep, your regenerative hormones won’t generate as efficiently. Your pancreas and liver are still trying to digest the meal, instead of releasing these regenerative hormones and helping your body to recover and rejuvenate. You definitely don’t want to leave the biggest meal of your day to just a few hours before you try to sleep. If you want to eat something before sleep (an hour or so), you should add the following on the menu:Fresh fruit, like banana and applesVegetables, such as broccoli or green beansA broth soupYou should also start monitoring the effect caffeine has on your body. If you continue having trouble sleeping, you should check whether drinking caffeinat ed drinks (coffee, soda, or tea) has an impact and start leaving a bigger gap between sleeping and drinking them. Other supplements and chemicals you want to avoid enjoying close to sleep include: alcohol, nicotine and food preservatives.Good control of stress levelsFinally, regenerative sleep requires a good control of your stress levels. The inconvenient truth is that if you are always stressed, you won’t be able to sleep soundly. You need to find a way to reduce your stress overall and especially the feeling of anxiety and stress as the night draws closer. So, what is the best way to control stress? There are two simple solutions to this age-old problem: proper exercise and meditation for stress management.Exercise releases hormones in your body and these hormones can help fight stress in a few different ways. First, you strengthen your body and its immune system. This helps you become stronger and your immune system to withstand more stress. The healthier you are, the less neg ative effect being busy can have on your body.Furthermore, the hormones promote the healthy functioning of your body, boosting your melatonin production and helping you sleep better at night. So, if you are stressed and your sleep is not solid, you should start exercising more. Just remember, you don’t want to exercise right before bedtime. Exercise increased adrenaline production; meaning you might be lying in bed super excited about your newfound energy boost after the jog! Try adding some exercise to your morning or afternoon routines.You can also control stress through meditation. You want to use meditation and relaxing techniques to calm your mind and prepare your body for rest. The Internet has plenty of great guides to meditating and relaxing. For example, I found the below video helpful when I started meditating. There are a few easy ways to feel calmer. These rituals are not necessarily as effective as meditating, but the rituals can help take your mind off from the daily stresses and help you slow down to a different rhythm after a long day. So, before bedtime, you could:Read a happy or positive book in soft light.Listen to relaxing music while lying down in darkly lit room.Stretch your body gently.Dim the lights around the house and prepare your To Do-list for the next day. TRICKS TO SLEEPING BETTERThe above provide you the basic building blocks required for a good night sleep. They are the essential tips to follow if you want to enjoy from regenerative sleep. But if you’d like to enhance the impact of sleep and ensure you rest well each night, you should consider the below tricks as well.Take time to worryAs I said above, stress can be a huge block for sleeping well. When you have a lot on your plate, it can be hard to just simply relaxing and putting your worries aside. Therefore, an unconventional, but highly effective trick is to take time to worry. Yes, you read that right. You should pick a moment and just spend all your energy thinking ab out the things that bother you.Does it sound a bit masochistic? It shouldn’t scare you because the technique can help you feel more relaxed and to help you sleep more peacefully. And if you remember, one of the mental benefits of sleep was enhanced problem solving, so you might just fix your problems asleep with the technique.What do you need to do? Get a pen and paper and choose a specific 15-minute period for worrying. This can be anytime of the day, just not the last thing you do before sleeping. Set an alarm clock for 15-minutes and start worrying. Write each one of them down on paper, either in words or images. Be specific and let it all out, no matter how miniscule. After time is up, take a few deep breaths and stop thinking about the worries. This can help you sleep easier and make you realize some of those worries might not be worth worrying about.Use essential oils and supplementsIf you are having real trouble sleeping, you might find help in essential oils and supplement s. There are natural products that can aid in the production of melatonin and which make it easier to fall asleep and stay asleep. The actual science behind many essential oils and supplements is not conclusive, but it doesn’t hurt to try. You might find these products helpful and that is all that matters, not whether they are backed by proper studies.In terms of essential oils, the recommended mixtures include:JasmineLavenderNeroliChamomileMarjoramUse the essential oils either on your body or in the room. You can burn a scented candle before sleeping or get a diffuser to use in the room. You can dilute some of the mixture with water and gently rub it in on your feet and palms. The rubbing sensation can calm you down and the essential oils can help relax your body.You could also opt for supplements. WebMD recommends using valerian, which is an herbal supplement. The herb is gathered from the root of a perennial flower. The image below shows how to start using the product and the d ifferent ways the supplement can be taken. Source and Copyrights: Dr Axe websiteConsider powernappingThis next trick might seem a little counterintuitive. If you browse sleeping tips online, you are sure to find tons of them telling you to stop napping. But I’ll try to convince you of the opposite: powernapping regularly to sleep better at night. A light nap during the day can help you sleep better at night because it ensures you aren’t overtired when night comes. The key to a good napping that doesn’t disrupt your normal sleeping cycle is to:Nap during the early afternoon. You ideally want to take your nap around an hour after you’ve had lunch, as it’s the right time for your body to feel naturally a little drowsy. The early afternoon is also enough removed from the actual bedtime to ensure you don’t have a problem falling asleep at night.Keep your naps short. You should be power napping, which means sleeping just enough to feel refreshed, but not long enough to feel groggy when you wake up and have trouble falli ng asleep later. You just need 10 to 20 minutes of napping and you are good to go. Anything longer and you probably start finding napping to have a negative impact on your sleep.Stick to a schedule. Just as you should do with the regular sleeping, napping should be about keeping to a schedule. The regular schedule makes you fall asleep faster, helping you to gain the benefits of power napping. Your body will start regulating itself and go into the ‘sleep’-mode as your naptime approaches.Exercise intenselyAnother point I mentioned as a building block to regenerative sleep was exercise and its ability to control stress. With the help of regular exercise routine, you can improve the amount your body spends in the restorative sleep stage. But you can take the benefits to a next level by increasing the vigor in which you exercise. The more vigorously you exercise, the better your sleep will become.When I talk about intensive and vigorous exercise, I’m referring to two key pointers. First, your exercise should be vigorous in terms of getting your heart rate beating faster. This generally means short bursts of intensive exercise instead of calmer, longer forms such as yoga or weight lifting. Instead, you want to take a 10-minute brisk walk, add a short sprint to your regular run or go swim at full speed.The second point is about adjusting the intensity to your needs. A brisk 10-minute walk might not be able to get you worked up, even if it makes my heart race. The key is to find an exercise burst that is vigorous according to your current skill level. So, it might just be an intensive 15-minute run or perhaps swimming two full lengths of exercise works the best for you.Remember that as you start exercising regularly, your body might improve in fitness and strengths â€" if this happens, it’s time to turn up the volume and pick something more vigorous.Eliminate sources of EMFFinally, you should consider eliminating all sources of EMF from the bedroom and avoid using the products that emit these close to your bedroom. EMF, what? EMF stands for electro-magnetic field, which are emitted by most technology products from your smartphone to your electronic toothbrush. Although the studies on the effect of EMF and sleep are inconclusive and further investigation is needed, you might be a Highly Sensitive Person and find these fields disturbing. Therefore, you would want to remove all extra EMFs from your bedroom, especially as the night settles.Even if you don’t find a direct impact of EMFs on your sleep, having technology in the bedroom can be disruptive â€" it can keep you hooked on watching things or browsing the web when you should be sleeping. Therefore, your smartphone and laptop should not have a room in the bedroom and you definitely want to start enforcing a rule that prevents you from using them an hour before your bedtime.FINAL THOUGHTSRegenerative sleep is crucial for your mental and physical wellbeing. It helps you stay active, he althy and full of energy, boosting your mood and keeping you happy. Without proper regenerative sleep at nights, you put yourself under higher risk of illness and injury and speed up your body’s aging process.I’ve outlined the core building blocks you need to focus on in order to sleep well at night. It’s about creating the appropriate space for sleeping, reducing distractions and finding inner peace before you place your head on the pillow. But regenerative sleep goes beyond just having the right environment and feeling happy; the things you drink and eat, and even think, can have an impact on how well your body regenerates cells and rejuvenates at night.So, test the above tricks and find the ones that work for you, as we aren’t all the same. And don’t give up! Some of the habits and tips above will need a continuous application for weeks and even months before you’ll start seeing the benefits of a more regenerative sleep.

Examples Of Betrayal In Macbeth - 703 Words

The play was set in a time in which there was Kings that ruled certain areas and many people wanted to be kings. In some cases people wanted to be a king so much that they would eventually kill someone for that title. The play of Macbeth is an example of how someone wants something so bad that they will do anything to get the thing that they want. Some of the things that Macbeth does is not what people would do in todays world but actually happened in that time. In Macbeth there were many different acts of betrayal including the Thane of Cawdor of Scotland betrays Scotland and fights on Norways side, Macbeth betraying the King, and also Macbeth betraying his friend Banquo. The Thane of Cawdor betrays Scotland and fights on the side or†¦show more content†¦But, later on in the play we learn by the witched that Banquos descendants will become King and that they will prosper. It says â€Å"Thou shalt get kings, though thou be none†, when Macbeth learns about this and hears about it he is scared and then eventually considers Banquo as a threat to him to become King. So Macbeth has to come up with a solution to this and eventually comes up with the solution that he must murder Banquo and his son Fleance. He gets two murders to go out and murder Banquo and his son while they are walking so that his promise of becoming king will not be in jeopardy. This is an ironic act of betrayal because Macbeth and Banquo have been friends for a long time and have done everything together. Banquo was not just his friend he was also the co-commander of the army and had some power in Scotland. There are many more acts of betrayal in the play but these are some of the main ones and they play a main role in the play to show what betrayal does to people. When Macbeth has betrayed many people in the play others start to grow in hatred of him. Other people in the play learn about what Macbeth had done and they grow angry because of everything he had done just so that he would be able to be king. One of the people that got angry was Macduff and he had planned to kill Macbeth and was going to give the title of king to Malcolm. At the end of the play Macduff kills Macbeth and MalcolmShow MoreRelatedTheme Of Betrayal In Macbeth923 Words   |  4 PagesBetrayal in Macbeth William Shakespeare’s Macbeth focuses on many themes all at once. Like life, there is no one central theme that drives the play along and moves action forward. While a central theme, there is one present in Macbeth that is interesting to dissect, and that is the theme of betrayal. This theme moves the play along more than any other and is one of the most interesting. Three key examples of betrayal in Macbeth are of the obvious betrayal of Duncan by Macbeth, the emotional betrayalRead MoreBetrayal Of William Shakespeare s Macbeth1382 Words   |  6 PagesBetrayal in Macbeth The presence of loyalty in the beginning is what creates a room for betrayal at some point in life. Issues of betrayal are a daily occurrence, each driven by issues and cases based on loyalty. Betrayal and loyalty both play the head and tail sides of the coin as they go along but produce conflicting forces. In order for one to betray, they would have weighed who they will be loyal to and they is always a presence of ambition during the course. Betrayal is an issue that has beenRead MoreBanquos Great Betrayal1109 Words   |  5 PagesExperience through language in Macbeth in which for my assignment I have ch0sen Banquo as my character. The key theme I have chosen from the play is betrayal and murder. Banquo was a brave and noble general and at that time was a great friend of Macbeth. Like Macbeth, Banquo thinks of things in an ambitious way however he does not at all show the ambitious thoughts in his actions. In a sense, Banquo’s character stands as rebuke to Macbeth, in a way that shows the path Macbeth chose not to take, a pathRead MoreThe Compromise Of Personal Moral Standards1678 Words   |  7 PagesMacbeth: The Compromise of Personal Moral Standards Macbeth was written by William Shakespeare in the early 1600’s in the time of King James I. King James I was James VI of Scotland before succeeding to the crown of England in the early 1600’s. Macbeth was written to please King James I as he had a desire to study the supernatural and their ability to control fate. The idea that everything moral has an evil counterpart can cause someone to struggle to maintain or regain their moral standards isRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth - Macbeth s Quest For Glory1414 Words   |  6 PagesEvilness itself is a betrayal of the habitual human nature of any person. The natural tendency of a person is morality; however, that inclination can be corrupted and influenced into twisted malevolence. A common image in the play representing this evil is the serpent, shown to be a conniving, wicked tempter. This symbol takes many forms throughout the story, beginning as a comparison of the ideal character Macbeth should strive to be and finishing as yet another threat to Macbeth’s quest for gloryRead MoreEssay about The Symbol Of Blood In Macbeth1109 Words   |  5 Pages The Symbol Of Blood In Macbeth Blood is something that we need to live. So it is clearly understood when Shakespeare uses the symbol of blood to represent murder, betrayal, and death, to show all of the evil that was going on. It is a symbol that was used the most in the play Macbeth, and had different meanings. One of the first references to blood represents a feeling of honour, and bravery. It is in Act I scene 2 line 1. Duncan says, â€Å"What bloody man is that?† when he sees the injured sergeantRead MoreAnalysis Of Wuthering Heights 1398 Words   |  6 Pageschildish. The betrayal in this book come when Heathcliff feels that Catherine betrayed herself by not pursuing his love. Hindle also showed jealousy towards heathcliff. In the play Macbeth written by William Shakespeare, Lady Macbeth is the most famous woman character. She is stronger, more ambitious and ruthless than her husband. Lady Macbeth pushed her husband , Macbeth to betray and kill King Duncan of Scotland. The theme of destructive love within relationships in Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Bronte’Read MoreAmbition in Your Life1258 Words   |  6 Pagesthe novel Frankenstein and in the Play Macbeth, ambition is the main theme in these two pieces. Both Victor and Macbeth had great dreams of accomplishing ce rtain things that defy a higher order. Ambition drove both of them to strive for what they want and never give up on their dreams. Ambition without doubt help or even single handling brought Macbeth and Victor to their dreams. Ambition is the best quality that a person can have, it allowed Victor and Macbeth to achieve what they always wanted. WhateverRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth As A Butcher828 Words   |  4 PagesAt the end of the play, Malcolm describes Macbeth as a â€Å"butcher†. Do you think that Macbeth is merely portrayed as a â€Å"butcher†? Malcolm’s description of Macbeth as a â€Å"butcher† is appropriate at face value due to Shakespeare’s portrayal of excessive violence, it seems as though Macbeth possesses this â€Å"vaulting ambition† which allows him to endure the tendencies of a â€Å"butcher†. The connotations of a â€Å"butcher† implies a de-sensitised individual capable of slaughtering animals or in this case humansRead MoreDestructive Love In Brontes Macbeth And Wuthering Heights1395 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationships in Shakespeare’s MacBeth and Bronte’s Wuthering Heights are presented through sexism, jealousy and betrayal. Destructive love is an active process of destroying the affection and tenderness between a couple. Both authors represent this kind love well in their respective stories. Lady MacBeth was a mastermind the way she had control in the beginning of Macbeth. She influenced MacBeth to do all his actions. An example of this is when Lady MacBeth told MacBeth â€Å"When you durst do it/then you

A Brief Look at Washington Irving - 1441 Words

Washington Irving Washington Irving was considered to be the first professional man of letters and was influential in the development of short stories. He was the first author to sell his stories abroad other than America. Washington Irving was born and raised in New York City on April 3, 1783, and he was the youngest of eleven children. Washington Irving was the first American to make a living as an author during his career in the early 1800’s. His short stories left a lasting and of most influential work. Irving’s short stories and poems were one of the first folk stories wrote and are still read about today. Washington Irving graduated from private school in 1798. He went on to law school and worked in a law office for a short period of time because he did not enjoy working in the law office. After leaving the law office he decided to go work in various different offices including writing for a couple of newspapers which was edited by his brother, Peter. Washington Irving first full length book appeared in December 1809. Many of the book plays were about the dutch settlers and the british. Irving continue to write for various newspapers until the death of his fiance, Matilda Hoffman, this left Irving struggling for several years. After struggling for about six years, Washington’s brothers made him part of the family business of the import/ export business. Irving still being saddened by the loss of his fiance wasn’t very motivated in the business, this eventually ledShow MoreRelatedThe American Character Essay1814 Words   |  8 PagesWashington Irving expertly reflects American history in his piece of 1819 â€Å"Rip Van Winkle.† Unbeknownst to Rip Van Winkle, the colonies are now free of British rule as Irving writes, â€Å"Here a general shout burst from the bystanders—‘A Tory! a Tory! a spy! A refugee! hustle him! Away with him’† (Matthews, 2007, para. 36). Rip enters the village armed, ignorant of the fac t that he presents the look of a loyalist. The question of being a refugee is preferable to accusations of being a Tory, as a colonistRead More Comparing the Hero in Fall of the House of Usher, Rip Van Winkle, and May-Pole of Merry Mount1600 Words   |  7 Pagesnon-conforming, and rarely lives in the â€Å"here and now,† but, on the contrary, is well rounded, skilled in some fashion, and able to communicate with all walks of life. Romantic heroes are found in the works of Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Allen Poe, and Washington Irving. Edith and Edgar are the hero and heroine of â€Å"The May-Pole of Merry Mount† by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Though the people of Merry Mount are themselves romantic, these two characters typify authentic Romantic qualities. In this shortRead MoreA Common Story Told Around Halloween1301 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Headless Horseman. Within the past century, both Disney and Hollywood have given their views on the classic tale. Disney holds most of the original concept of Irving s tale than the Tim Burton’s movie. However, the changes in the bridge scene, the concept of the characters, and the horseman takes valuable meaning away from Irving s timeless classic â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.† In Irving’s original and Walt Disney view of the bridge scene was the same. The legend according to Brom BonesRead More The Search for America in Rip Van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow3267 Words   |  14 PagesThe Search for America in Rip Van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the early to mid-1800s, Washington Irving was an immensely popular writer heralded as one of the great American writers.   Irvings importance lies especially in Rip Van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, the sketches in which he creates the vision of the alternate America(n).   His critique of American society through his main characters-Rip and Ichabod-and the towns in which they live gives shapeRead More Timeline of American Literature and Events Essay3022 Words   |  13 Pagesgovernment, and maintain peace in their new land. Anne Bradstreet’s piece of 1666 â€Å"Verses upon the burning of our House† expresses her thoughts, prayers, and ideas of her relationship with God. This correlates Puritan history in America whereby all look to the Bible and God’s word for guidance. Bradstreet writes, â€Å"And to my God my heart did cry to strengthen me in my Distresse†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Lancashire, 2005, para. 1). Bradstreet instinctively reaches out for God to give her the strength to survive in thisRead MoreEssay on Early American History and Traditions of Excellence2607 Words   |  11 Pagescolonists, as they did not have any representation in the British parliament. America declared themselves free in the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the Revolutionary War officially broke out in 1779. The war lasted until 1784 when George Washington led his troops to victory at the Battle of Yorktown. Upon entering the world as a young country, America encountered both changes and challenges. Following the war, America inflicted its citizens with taxes. As a result of theses taxes, manyRead MoreImpact of Print Media on Society10439 Words   |  42 Pagesher communication classes for my dissertation research. She made that part easy. I am indebted to the elders of the Concord Street Church of Christ: Brothers Churck Lipford, Bob Cawthon, Jerry Dickinson, Ulysses Campbell, Jerry Liddick and Anthony Washington. Without their blessing and the generous sabbatical from preaching duties to allow me to finish and defend my dissertation, I could not have finished. v I am indebted to the members of the Concord Street Church of Christ, who prayed for me asRead MoreEssay on The Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison12486 Words   |  50 Pagesentries for race or racial discrimination but none for class or income of offenders. It would seem that both independent and government data gatherers are more willing to own up to America’s racism than to its class bias. Nevertheless, it does not pay to look at these as two independent forms of bias. 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Julie Free Essays

â€Å"BP is a multinational energy business that has 92,000 employees and operates in 175 countries. When a new chief executive was recruited internally at BP (Tony Hayward), he promised to improve the company’s disappointing performance by quickly changing its culture to become more innovative and responsive to its customers. † Q: How easy do you think it is for a new chief executive to change the culture of an organization quickly? Justify your answer with reference to BP /or other businesses that you know. We will write a custom essay sample on Julie or any similar topic only for you Order Now The BP Company has experienced a huge explosion at its Texas City Refinery in 2005, the oil spillage in Alaska in 2006 and also the Gulf of Mexico explosion in the BP oilfield in 2010, and these occurrences have had effects on the BP’s reputation and the business performance. As a new chief executive officer, Tony Hayward was recruited in June 2007 and he took over for BP’s highly-respected former CEO Lord Browne. The new CEO of BP may be able to use his own leadership or management style to change the culture of the organization and also try to help the business to grow and improve better. However, the extent to which the effectiveness of his way of leading the business and how quickly it can be for change to eh business culture are depends upon different factors. Firstly, Tony Hayward uses the democratic and paternalistic leadership style to manage the business. Hayward was describing as a typical command and control organization that is overly focused on cost-cutting and consumed with firefighting. According to the website, Hayward had shared his opinion of the culture of the business and three major points with other members of senior management. He stated that the BP is having the leadership style that probably is too directive and doesn’t listen sufficiently well. The top of the organization doesn’t listen hard enough to what the bottom of the organization is saying. BP has a management style that has made a virtue out of doing more for less which in some cases is okay and might work, but it needs to be managed and deployed with great judgment and wisdom, and when it isn’t, the BP may run into troubles. Another thing that Hayward is trying to say is that he thinks the BP should think more about the maintenance of a piece of equipment for a longer time period but not the short term benefit like cutting the cost, for example, it is not responsible to cut budgets related to safety and maintenance without thoroughly examining the impact on the risk of a catastrophic accident. At the same time, Hayward is well known and has experiences in the organization. If the workers can get involved more to the business so that this might lead to better decision making and he also want workers to feel more secure and happy in their jobs, since he hope to make the business to become more innovative. For example, in changing situations that demand a new way of thinking or a fresh solution, stuff input can be very helpful and valuable. These management strategies may lead the business to perform better, and if the whole business is having more motivation to work which on the other words means to become more responsive to its customers and furthermore, it may enable BP to raise it reputation and gain its public’s trust again. However, on the other hand, changing the corporative culture of the business can be very difficult and in reality, it take times for the business to get used to the changes before it moves on to the other stage of better business performance. There are also some other factors that can influence the leadership style. For example, if the employees of BP are more used to the leadership style of the previous CEO, although it is believed that management strategies can significant influence the whole business, but it might still lead to a bad or worse business performance or the resistance from the employees from accepting the changes in the culture of the business. The CEO of BP may not be able to change the business culture quickly or expecting a sudden change in the innovative ability of the business, most of the strategies take time to result in the good way and become effective for the whole business. Another factor is that because for the natural of the business, like its reputation has been influence by the serious occurrences that happened before and BP had also lost some public trusts, rather than trying to change negative aspect, it might be better and easier for them to concentrate on the positive aspects of the business and how it currently operates. Some of the external factors that will influence the leader’s ability may be the economic issue like recession, for example, the rapid decisions taken at a senior level may be needed to secure the survival of the business during the recession. There are also some problems associated with the change in organizational culture. Firstly, If the establishment of the new objectives and a mission statement is not clear or is not accurately reflecting the new values and attitudes that are to be adopted, these new aspects of the business all needed to be communicated to all the employees of BP, otherwise it might lead to a demotivation of the workforce of the whole business. Secondly, if the CEO of BP is unable to change the culture of the business in the quick way because of lack of training, so they may need to train staff in new procedures and new ways of working. If the people believe in the change and understand the benefits of it, then it will become more acceptable to them. In conclusion, it is possible for a new chief executive to change the culture of an organization and have positive influences if the CEO implement the right strategies and has set the objects clear and communicate well to the whole business. However, it takes time for the BP Company to accept or get used to the changes of the business culture in a short period of time. Therefore, if the CEO is able to avoid the possible negative influences that might affect the change in organizational culture and the factors that might have an impact on the BP’s performance, then the new CEO may be able to help BP to improve the company’s disappointing performance and achieve its main corporate objectives in the future. How to cite Julie, Papers

Critical Studies In Organization And Bureaucracy

Question: Describe about the Critical Studies In Organization And Bureaucracy? Answer: Introduction: This particular report is intended to represent information gathered to make business decision in an appropriate manner. Here, it is noted that Mr. Graeme Craig, the business development director at TFL (travel for London) seeks advice regarding whether to continue the bus service on route no 23 or not. In order to support Mr. Graeme Craig to take decision regarding this particular aspect, information related to bus service at route no 23 were collected and then those information were assessed in below mentioned section with the help of several statistical tools. The entire evaluation includes four parts such as Part A, Part B, Part C and Part D. Background of the study: It is noted that Mr. Graeme Craig assumes the bus service on this route 23 is not utilized by many people for the reason that the route is dwelled by the business person as well as the households have at least one car at their disposal. Under such circumstance continuing the bus service on this route indicates that the government experienced huge amount of cost. So, it is important to recognize whether continuation of this bus services is profitable or not. Part A: Data Gathering: This section of the study aims to provide information about what kind of data were gathered to resolve the issue and how data were gathered. P1: It is noted that the issue that exists here, entirely revolved around the perception of Mr. Graeme Craig regarding this particular bus route. There is no such evidenced to conclude how many people are travelled all the way through this route and how many of them used the bus service on route no 23 while travelling. Further, it is also estimated that most of the people who travelled through this route having at least one private car. So, there might be circumstances, where people prefer to travel using private cars rather public bus services. Under such circumstances, it is necessary to review the number of people used this bus service time to time as well as it is also required to assess the perception of the individual people who travel through this route. So, basically the primary data needs to be collected here. Now, to collect primary data, two specific instruments were used here. First of all, there is followed a observational study, with the help of which, number of people use the bus service will be pointed on each hour all the way through Monday to Sunday. The data gathering will start from early morning at 7 AM to 10 PM each day. On the other hand a closed ended questionnaire will used to gather information from the people who travel through this route. P2: Under such circumstances, it is clear that here the research methodology includes mainly two type of data collection techniques, the observational study and the questionnaire method. When the sample for observational study is the entire population who travel all the way through this route; for questionnaire study, 100 people were selected who travel through this route 23. Here, the conventional sampling method is applied for selecting those 100 people as it is the best approach to draw sample which appropriately represent the entire population. P3: The below table will use for observational study: Table 1 Time Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Total 0700 - 0800 0 0800 - 0900 0 0900 - 1000 0 1000 - 1100 0 1100 - 1200 0 1200 - 1300 0 1300 - 1400 0 1400 - 1500 0 1500 - 1600 0 1600 - 1700 0 1700 - 1800 0 1800 - 1900 0 1900 - 2000 0 2000 - 2100 0 2100 - 2200 0 Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Here, number of passengers travelled through bus service on route no 23 were pointed out during every hour. The below questionnaire is used to gather information about the perception of people about the bus service on route no 23: Name: Occupation: Mode of transport used while travelling: Are you feeling comfortable while using bus service on route no 23? Yes No Do you think the bus service on route no 23 is important for travellers who used this particular route? Strongly agree; Agree; Indifferent; Disagree; Strongly disagree; Do you think having personal car significantly influence the number of passengers of route no 23? Strongly agree; Agree; Indifferent; Disagree; Strongly disagree; Overall you satisfied with the service provided by route 23 bus services? Strongly agree; Agree; Indifferent; Disagree; Strongly disagree; Data calculation Part B: P4: The below mentioned table provide the total number of passengers during each time slot as well each total passengers travelled each day through using route no 24. Time Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Total passengers in each time slot 0700 - 0800 8 10 9 8 10 6 0 51 0800 - 0900 11 10 8 8 7 8 1 53 0900 - 1000 12 12 7 9 8 5 2 55 1000 - 1100 7 8 8 9 1 2 8 43 1100 - 1200 6 5 4 7 1 4 8 35 1200 - 1300 6 3 2 4 3 4 10 32 1300 - 1400 5 2 2 2 3 5 8 27 1400 - 1500 2 6 4 3 3 4 10 32 1500 - 1600 6 2 6 3 4 5 8 34 1600 - 1700 8 3 7 4 4 4 5 35 1700 - 1800 6 4 8 7 8 5 4 42 1800 - 1900 6 5 8 6 6 9 4 44 1900 - 2000 2 2 6 6 7 8 1 32 2000 - 2100 2 2 2 1 10 10 0 27 2100 - 2200 1 2 0 0 10 9 0 22 Total daily passenger 88 76 81 77 85 88 69 564 P5: Referred to the table mentioned below, it can be said that the average number of passengers during each time slot is 38. Time Total number of passenger during each time slot 0700 - 0800 51 0800 - 0900 53 0900 - 1000 55 1000 - 1100 43 1100 - 1200 35 1200 - 1300 32 1300 - 1400 27 1400 - 1500 32 1500 - 1600 34 1600 - 1700 35 1700 - 1800 42 1800 - 1900 44 1900 - 2000 32 2000 - 2100 27 2100 - 2200 22 Average 38 Referred to the table mentioned below, it can be said that the average number of daily passenger is 81. Day Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Total daily passenger 88 76 81 77 85 88 69 Average daily passenger 81 (Lockyer and Lockyer, 1984) Discussion: The above calculation shows that during each hour on an average 38 people travelled through this route. On the other hand, it is also noted that during a week on an average 81 people travelled through this route. Further, the study also shows that the passengers mostly use this bus service during morning hours that is from 7 AM to 10 AM. So, it can be said that frequency of the buses should be increased during this time and needs to extend the frequency during odd time (Lowe, 1969). P6: [a] Variance using the total passenger for each time slot: Time Total (X-Mean)^2 0700 - 0800 51 179.56 0800 - 0900 53 237.16 0900 - 1000 55 302.76 1000 - 1100 43 29.16 1100 - 1200 35 6.76 1200 - 1300 32 31.36 1300 - 1400 27 112.36 1400 - 1500 32 31.36 1500 - 1600 34 12.96 1600 - 1700 35 6.76 1700 - 1800 42 19.36 1800 - 1900 44 40.96 1900 - 2000 32 31.36 2000 - 2100 27 112.36 2100 - 2200 22 243.36 Variance 93.17333333 Standard Deviation 9.652633492 [b] Variance using the total daily passengers: Time Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Total 88 76 81 77 85 88 69 (X-Mean)^2 55.18367 20.89795918 0.183673 12.7551 19.61224 55.18367 133.898 Variance 42.53061224 Standard deviation 6.52155 The variance and standard deviation measures the deviation from the mean result. Here, from the variance and standard deviation result, it is noted that the variance and standard deviation for total passengers based on each time slot is greater than variance and standard deviation of daily total passengers. So, number of passengers during each time slot changes more frequently than changes in daily passengers. P7: It is noted that a percentile provides information regarding how well the data are spread over the specified interval. Using particular values of percentile, generally it can be predict how much data remain above this level and how much data remain below this range. Quartiles are specific percentiles. There are mainly three percentiles are used in business decision making, such as first percentile, second percentile or median and third percentile. Taken for example, the median or the second percentile indicates that 50 percent of the data remain above this point and 50 percent of the data remain below this point. Correlation coefficient shows the association between variables. These help researchers to decide what the variables that influence the predicted variables are. Part C: P8: [a] Bar Chart: [b] Histogram: From the above graphical presentation of data, it can be said that this particular bus service evidenced more than 70 passengers during each day in a week. In particular, during Monday, Wednesday, Friday and Saturday, the bus service evidenced more than 80 passengers. However, the histogram shows that among those days, during the morning time, the frequency of use this bus service is greater than other time slots. P9: The above trend line shows a linear trend throughout the week. It shows that the use of bus service slightly reduced during the weekends. So, there is an indication that working professionals are utilized this bus services during morning times (Kimmel et al., 2008). P12: Number of car in each household No of daily bus journey Number of car in each household 1 No of daily bus journey -0.93434 1 (Kimmel, Weygandt and Kieso, 2007) From the above table it is noted that there is a strong negative correlation between number of car in each household and no of daily bus journey. So, it can be said that no prediction can be done about the daily bus journey based on number of cars in each household. Using excel spreadsheet add in, the correlation coefficient is calculated here. Below are the detailed calculation procedures: P13: Based on information given by Mr Anderson below are the details about the critical path: (Lockyer, 1969; Fitzgerald, 2002) From this critical path, it can be said that activities B, C, D, E and J are said to be critical and hence, any delay on completion of those activities will result delay of project completion period. P14: Below are the details calculations of two alternatives: East London clinic Year 0 1 2 3 4 5 Initial cash inflow $ 2,55,000.00 Cash outflow $ 90,000.00 $ 85,000.00 $ 90,000.00 $ 91,000.00 $ 1,10,000.00 Cumulative cash outflow $ -2,55,000.00 $ -1,65,000.00 $ -80,000.00 $ 10,000.00 $ 1,01,000.00 $ 2,11,000.00 Cost of capital 20% Discounting factor 1.00 0.833333333 0.694444444 0.578703704 0.482253086 0.401877572 Present value $ 75,000.00 $ 59,027.78 $ 52,083.33 $ 43,885.03 $ 44,206.53 Total present value $ 2,74,202.67 Payback period 2.888888889 Years Net present value $ 19,202.67 Central London clinic Year 0 1 2 3 4 5 Initial cash inflow $ 5,30,000.00 Cash outflow $ 40,000.00 $ 80,000.00 $ 1,40,000.00 $ 2,50,000.00 $ 3,20,000.00 Cumulative cash outflow $ -5,30,000.00 $ -4,90,000.00 $ -4,10,000.00 $ -2,70,000.00 $ -20,000.00 $ 3,00,000.00 Cost of capital 20% Discounting factor 1.00 0.833333333 0.694444444 0.578703704 0.482253086 0.401877572 Present value $ 33,333.33 $ 55,555.56 $ 81,018.52 $ 1,20,563.27 $ 1,28,600.82 Total present value $ 4,19,071.50 Payback period 4.0625 Years Net present value $ -1,10,928.50 (Fischer and Sirianni, 1994; Weygandt, Kieso and Kimmel, 2002) From the above two calculations, it can be said that the payback period as well as NPV of central London clinic is in adverse situation than west London clinic. So, there is no need of transferring the clinic. Recommendations and conclusion: Thus, to conclude it can be said that gathering information as well as evaluation using statistical tool will provide enough support in business decision making. So, under such circumstances, it is recommended to Mr. Graeme Craig to gather data using above tools and evaluating them though the same approach used for route 24 to draw desire conclusion. References: Fischer, F. and Sirianni, C. (1994).Critical Studies In Organization And Bureaucracy. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. Fitzgerald, S. (2002).Decision making. Oxford, U.K.: Capstone Pub. Kimmel, P., Weygandt, J. and Kieso, D. (2007).Financial accounting. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley. Kimmel, P., Weygandt, J., Kieso, D. and Kimmel, P. (2008).Accounting. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Lockyer, K. (1969).An introduction to critical path analysis. London: Pitman. Lockyer, K. and Lockyer, K. (1984).Critical path analysis and other project network techniques. London: Pitman. Lowe, C. (1969).Critical path analysis by bar chart. London: Business Books. Weygandt, J., Kieso, D. and Kimmel, P. (2002).Managerial accounting. New York: Wiley.

Experience in High School free essay sample

Each teacher can recount numerous highs and lows in their teaching career. Personally, I experienced many great moments while teaching. These were days when I ended so happy and enthusiastic that I knew I had selected the right profession. On the other hand, I had days where I definitely questioned teaching as a career. These were days where the students seemed uninterested, too talkative, or even worse a blow up occurred and nothing got accomplished. Thankfully the average combined with the positive days outshine my negative days.Through my 14 years of teaching and working in education, one event stands above the rest as my absolute best teaching experience. Through it I learned so much about teaching and dealing with students. My hope is that the student involved was at least partially changed for the better from the experience as I was. I also hope that there is something in this story that can help inform and inspire you. We will write a custom essay sample on Experience in High School or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Lets call him Tyler. Tyler was a troubled student. He was enrolled in my senior American Government class followed the second semester by Economics.Surprising as it was to many former teachers, he had made it to senior year. However, he had spent a couple of years in and out of full inclusion classrooms. He had numerous behavior management issues. I dont remember his exact IEP at this point, this happened about 10 years ago, but I know that he had impulse control and anger management issues. He had been suspended many, many times in previous years. The previous year he had been mainstreamed with a co-teacher in some classes. However, for 12th grade, he was in my room without a co-teacher. I knew he had problems before the first day.His ESE coordinator came and visited me during planning week to have a talk about him. My style of teaching is such that I am very stern in the beginning, allowing students to get away with very little. I have always done this on purpose believing that it is easier to soften up as the year goes on than get harsher. I learned this the hard way my first year of teaching. I decided that I was not going to change the way I taught or interact with him in particular because of his issues. He sat in the back row. I had never used a seating chart with students on the first day when I was just getting to know them.Every time I talked at the front of the class, I would ask questions of students, calling them by name. This helped me learn their names while getting the kids involved. Unfortunately, every time I called on him he would respond with a flip answer. He knew the answers when he listened but he didnt want to be called on. If he got an answer wrong, he would get very angry. About a month into the year, I was beating my head against the wall trying to connect with Tyler. I could usually get these kids to be involved or at the very least to sit quietly. However, he was just loud and obnoxious.Tyler had been in so much trouble through the years that it had become his modus operandi. He expected it and he expected his teachers to know about his referrals and suspensions. For every new teacher, hed push and push seeing what it would take to get a referral. I tried to outlast him and work things out my way. I had rarely found referrals to be effective because students would return worse than before. One particular day, Tyler was talking while I was teaching. In the middle of teaching I said in the same tone of voice, Tyler why dont you join our discussion instead of having one of your own. With that, he got up from his chair, pushed it over, and yelled something I cant remember other than including the words, You B-! Well that was definitely referral time. I sent him to the office with a discipline referral, and he received a weeks out of school suspension. Now so far you might be asking how this could be my best teaching experience. So far it was actually one of my worst. I dreaded that class every day. His anger and mumbled words under my breath were almost too much for me. The weeks out of school suspension was a wonderful hiatus, and we got a lot accomplished that week.However, the week soon came to an end, and I began dreading his return. I knew from talking with his other teachers that he would be back angrier and with a chip on his shoulder. I devised a plan. On the day of his return, I stood at the door waiting for him. As soon as I saw him, I asked him to talk for a moment. He seemed unhappy to do it but agreed. I basically told him that I wanted to start over with him. Further, I gave him permission that if he felt like he was going to lose control in class he could step right outside the door for a moment to collect himself. From that point on, Tyler was a changed student in my classroom.He listened, he participated. He was actually a smart child and I could finally get to see this in him. He even stopped a fight between two other students one day. And you know the most ironic part of it all? He never, ever used the privilege I had given him to leave the class for a moment. I believe that just giving him the power to decide for himself made all the difference. At the end of the year, he wrote me a thank you note about how good the year had been for him. I still have it today and find it very touching to reread when I get stressed about teaching. In the end, this experience changed me as a teacher.Students are people who have feelings and who dont want to feel cornered. They want to learn but they also want to feel as if they have some control over themselves. I never made assumptions again about a student before they came into my class. Every student is different; no two students react in the same way. It is our tasks as teachers to find not only what motivates each student to learn but also what motivates them to misbehave. If we can meet them at that point and take away that motivation, we can go a long way towards a more effective classroom and learning experience.Essay So far, my high school experience has been one of many choices being made. Throughout these past three years I have had to make many choices, many of which have impacted my relationship with my friends, teachers, and coaches. However, no decision was harder than one I made this year in this past soccer season. This decision was not exclusively my own but one I shared with my father. This dilemma involved pulling me, the captain of the varsity soccer team off the team because of a problem between the coach and me.My father came to this decision because the coach was using me, whom he had made a captain and a focal point of team, as a scapegoat for the teams losses and hardships. This was a very tough, and complicated situation in which myself. This decision to leave the team, a group of my friends, was probably the most difficult one for me to make; however, I feel it was a good one. Despite the fact this decision was not exclusively mine, I still feel that my father lofor my best interest and I am grateful for that. Though this decision was difficult, it did open many other doors for me.I refused to dwell on the fact that all I had worked hard for had been taken away from me in one fell swoop. Instead, I tried to show resiliency and bounce back by joining clubs and making the honor roll. Even though I had achieved success on the soccer field as a player, it was not a healthy situation in which to keep myself in. Although I am a person who has always been able to take criticism, my coachs behavior and words had degenerated to a level where it was affects my own self respect and dignity. Both my dad and I agreed that we could not allow this to happen.After I left the team, I contemplated whether or not my father and I had made the right choice or whether I should have abide by my dads decision or go against it. It came down to a talk with the Athletic Director that further persuaded me to stay off the team at least for the remainder of oked out The years I spent in high school were truly memorable to say the least. Looking back on those days now as a much more mature, responsible, and overall better person, I believe that the experiences I had over those three years are responsible for making me the person I am today.Paradoxically enough, it seems the least enjoyable aspects of my highschool career were the most important in shaping me into the man I am today. Until recently my hometown high school, Bedford, only had tenth, eleventh, and twelfth grade in the high school building, despite the fact that high school curriculum begins in ninth grade. I was in the last class coming out of the three middle schools to not have spent ninth grade in the highschool. So as far as I am concerned, the true â€Å"high school experience† didn’t begin for me until the fall of 2004 upon entering the tenth grade.The majority of us tenth graders at the high school on the first day of class, it was our first day ever even stepping one foot into the school. For me and a few other students, it was on the contrary. Our middle schools did not offer Chemistry, and so we would go to the highschool for first period and then go back to the middle school for the remainder of the school day when we were still in ninth grade. This gave us the advantage of knowing where to go and the fastest way to get there once that dreaded first day of high school came rolling around.As for the rest of the student body, they weren’t so lucky. I’ll never forget seeing all of my good friends staring at the map with a look of complete and utter confusion. So I just did what any one of them would have done to me: give them a hard time. It was all in good fun. We talked about our teachers, and how they gave each one of us the whole welcome-to-high-school-now-get-to-work line in our respective classes. Those of us who weren’t too close over the summer caught up on the times and what we did, where we went, and blah blah blah.It wasn’t really.. . y High School Experience When people start high school they’re usually so excited. They can’t wait to experience everything that comes with being in high school, I mean who wouldn’t? Everyone says that high school is the best four years of your life. Now that I’m months away from graduating, I can’t say they were my best years but I can say they were my most educational years, of course I wouldn’t say that they weren’t fun because they were. When I say educational, I mean I’ve learned so much about myself and so much about life.I learned what the words family, love, betrayal, law and life meant. All these events changed me, and I’m glad they happened because I wouldn’t have learned all these lessons. My personality hasn’t changed; I’m still a carefree girl, just with a little more wisdom and a lot more strength. I started off school with a horrible attitude because my parents sent me to a different school. They sent me to a school where I knew about two people, I was so angry at my parents Is this Essay helpful?Join O that I decided to rebel until they would transfer me to Eastlake. When I went back to Eastlake everything was good again, I made new friends and I even had a boyfriend. My priorities were never really about school or getting good grades, it was always about my friends and my boyfriend. I would ditch on a daily basis just to spend more time with them even if we didn’t really do anything exciting, just as long as I didn’t have to be bored in a classroom.My ditching got so bad it got to the point where my teachers didn’t even know my name, or they thought I transferred out of their class. As a result to all this ditching, I had horrible grades and I was way behind on my credits. I regret ditching because I ruined my chances of going to a university; instead I’m going to a community college. I realize now that I ditched for no reason at all, it was a waste of my time. I look back and think that ditching is just so ridiculous, there really is no point to it unless you want to ruin your future.

Kudlers Data Table Analysis

Kudlers Data Table Analysis Free Online Research Papers Kudler Fine Foods is a fast growing company established in 1998 and their Initial store selected Microsoft Access as the database to track inventory, sales, orders, employees, and customers. Kudler’s products are perishable and inventory must be properly tracked. This paper will evaluate database tables from accounting perspective, and provide recommendations for improvement. Pivot Table and Entity Relationship diagram will help Kudler’s to build better decision-making process. Evaluation of the design elements of the data tables from an accounting perspective. Data Table analysis is essential to the success of Kudler, the information provided in these tables is available for the end user to determine how much inventory is available and when it require to order more inventory. The design of data tables organizes the financial data into department, financial codes, items and then sums of total amount of transaction. Data table maximize the visual and informational presentation for the financial data. The user can easily identify information that item belongs to certain department, and how many items were received at the given cost for a certain period. It allows finding total amount and quantity on hand for an item and calculating average price for an item. Entity relationship diagram illustrates the hierarchy of how information reviewed by end users. The data represented in entity relation diagrams (E-R) includes the business entities and the relationship among them. E-R diagrams use four symbols: rectangles to represent entities, diamonds to describe relationship, ovals describe the entity, characteristics, and connecting lines depicts relationships. Recommendation for improvements to the Data Tables The Pivot Table is two-dimensional statistical summaries of database information and can be improved by arranging the codes chronologically and sort the data by compiling the list of product inventory levels. This will facilitate monitoring items for a department that has different items to sell. Data sorting will allow visualizing faster and finding the data they need to make effective decisions (Birnbaum, 2003). Kudler can improve decision making through Pivot Table Kudler’s information is overloaded with vast amount of detailed data being generated as standard operations. Data tables visualize the information and make important decision making process effective and efficient. Pivot table keep records of the inventory movement though out the entire company and provide a single centralized set of data to view. Kudler’s must be able to identify balance in inventory in each store and which items needs to re-order and which item need to stock in or out of warehouse. With the help of Pivot table Kudler’s can quickly summarize the data from a worksheet and can discover the total, average count of the inventory items. Conclusion Currently Kudler’s advised some improvement required to their inventory data table and Kudler’s should update the database with data tables that allow them easily to access and calculate optimal inventory levels for each store. The upgrade will provide quality of data and eliminate redundant information. Entity Relationship Diagram Pivot Table References: Apollo Group Inc. (2004). Kudler Fine foods – Sales and Marketing. Retrieved from https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/cist/vop/business/Kudler/Finance/KudlerFAInvRpts001.htm https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/cist/vop/business/Kudler/IT/KudlerITDatabases001.htm Bagranoff, N. Simkin, M Strand, N.(2008). Core concepts of Accounting Information systems. John Wiley sons. Research Papers on Kudler's Data Table AnalysisRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanResearch Process Part OneIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalThe Project Managment Office SystemThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseOpen Architechture a white paperAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesDefinition of Export QuotasBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of Self

General Overview of United Utilities Group Plc Term Paper

General Overview of United Utilities Group Plc - Term Paper Example By doing this, the company helps in the smooth flow of about 7 million people as well as 200,000 businesses in the North West and it does this by the provision of fresh and clean water on a daily basis. The company also takes away and treats the North West waste water which then helps in keeping the beaches and rivers quite clean. The company plans to finance its operations using debt securities instead of conventional bonds. This plan matches the market trends as the market, or the sector across the globe has been opting for the issuance of conventional debts due to the low interest rates attracted by bonds. Bonds usually pay a fixed income and the issuance of bonds in the utilities sector in the United Kingdom only account for half of the total funds raised in the equity capital markets. Firms in this sector just like the United Utilities Group Plc are opting for the issuance of debt securities even though it has high risks of threatening the market viability. Data also showed that only 8.7% of the funds raised were through equity capital markets while the remaining portion being raised through the use of debt securities. ... b. General Overview of the issued debt Debt security is an instrument which can be sold or bought between two different parties and include corporate bonds, collateralized securities, preferred stock and zero-coupon securities (Fabozzi et.al 2003). The interest rate on a debt security is usually determined by the borrower’s repayment ability. Debts securities are quite safer than equity securities as the principal amount is usually returned to the lender upon the maturity of the security. This is what United Utilities Group Plc plans to use as it mode of raising finance. 2. Evaluation using the Annual Financial Reports and accounts a. The position of the company to issue debt securities The annual profits for the company have decreased from ?909.20 million in March 2008 to ? 316.5 million in March 2012. Its EBITDA has been fluctuating over the period with an increase only being recorded on March 2009 after which the company recorded a continued decline. The company has also re corded a decrease in its Free Cash Flows for the Firm (FCFF) from ? 562.7 million in 2011 to ?559.8 million in 2012. The company borrowed ?215 million during the 2012 financial year in order to offset the dividends of ?209 million. Free Cash Flow to Equity (FCFE) is low for the firm as the firm’s equity is higher than the free cash flow. From the March 2012 annual statement, it is quite evident that the company has made maximum use of debt securities as it net debt is quite higher than the one recorded during the previous year which then reflects the additional borrowing done by the company as a way of funding its capital investment programmes. The gearing ratios for the company are also quite

Nickeled and Dimed Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nickeled and Dimed - Essay Example Ehrenreich, during her ‘investigation’, held onto her car and her ATM cards, to be used in emergencies, and when the going got tough she promptly moved away from that job. However, her experiment succeeded to get an idea of the American low wage work force and find out the daily hardships and the various bureaucratic pitfalls that affect the lives of these poor people. Barbara Ehrenreich in her book also gives these working people a human face, which touches the heart of almost all readers. As one reads the book the question that comes uppermost in one’s mind is that, is it really possible to survive by earning something as low as 6-7$ per hour? In reality, as Ehrenreich starts her â€Å"low-wage life† (Ehrenreich, 39), she finds that there are many Americans who do such work every day. Besides getting low wages, as Ehrenreich notes, these people must make various cuts to be able to make the multiple payments, necessary to get by. These include food, rent, children, health insurance, and automobile insurance, amongst various other payments that must be paid from the low salary, which these people receive. As Ehrenreich tries to make these payments from her low wages, she falls short each time, even as she keeps on changing her job and location. She befriends many of her co-workers and learns how they manage to survive through all such hardships. While working as a waitress, she learns of a woman who sleeps in her car, as she cannot afford to hire a house with her meager earnings. Here again Ehrenreich talks of another waitress Lucy, who has an ailing leg and needs treatment. However, she cannot get the medical aid she needs, as she does not have any health insurance owing to her poor salary. While working in ‘Merry Maids’ as a house help Ehrenreich comments â€Å"although no one, apparently, is sleeping out of their car, there are signs†¦of real difficulty†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ehrenreich, 79). Here she meets

Chromosome Analysis of Chicken and Quail

Chromosome Analysis of Chicken and Quail Chicken, quail and Chicken-Quail hybrids were used as objects of study, in order to investigate the crossing incompatibility between Chicken-Quail in the level of chromosome. Chromosome specimens are prepared by the peripheral blood lymphocyte cultivation, airing and embryonic, with karyotype, G and C band analysis. The results showed that the number of chromosomes of chicken and quail are 2n = 78, including 10 pairs macrochromosomesand 29 minute chromosome, but apparented differences are existed in the morphous of chromosomes, there are comparatively large difference between the number of fringe and the width of fringe of G band stripe of chicken and quail. It can be divided into 32 zones, with 155 straps and 71 positive bands for chickens. And it can be divided into 28 zones, with 138 straps and 61 positive bands for quails. Through the analysis of C zonation, it indicated that W chromosome of fission phase in all the female always show C-band and the whole band anachromasis, easil y identified, which further confirmed the C-band analysis is an effective way of birds sexing. Key words: Chicken, Quail, Hybrid Species, Karyotype According to the statistics, 56 percent of kinds of birds can be used to species hybridization and 44 percent of kinds birds can be used to intergeneric cross, epecially between family or subfamily[1]. These phenomenon of distance hybridization can make breeding materials richer and provide superordinary goods group, however, the problems accompanied by distant hybridization are cross incompatibility (hybridized combination can not obtain the offspring), and hybrid sterility. There are same matters between the crossing of chickens and quails, such as the early death of female individuals of hybrid species, only the maleness ones survivaled but there are no activity of genitical gland of hybrid species. Now the mechanism of distance cross-incompatibility of birds are imperfect, and there are no detailed cellule genetics research of generic cross. Chickens, quails and intergeneric hybrid species were used as object in this study, Chromosome specimens are prepared by the peripheral bloo d lymphocyte cultivation, airing and embryonic, with karyotype. With the comparison among the objects, G-band and C band, many valuable references for cross incompatibility and the hybrid sterility are provided between chicken and quail. Test materials Test animal Gallus gallus domestica tested 20 (10 à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡, 10 à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã¢â€š ¬), quail 20 (10 à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡, 10 à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã¢â€š ¬), the ripe Chicken-Quail hybrids 20 and Chicken-Quail hybrids embryos 90 adopted artificial insemination method by hybridization of chicken (à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡) and quail (à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã¢â€š ¬), were taken from experimental station Animal Science and Technology Institute of Shihezi University. Reagent RPMI1640 (GIBCO); Heparin (Hua Mei biological engineering company); colchicine (BIB subpackage); Giemsa powder (Sigma subpackage); calf serum (Hua Mei biological engineering company), inactivated , cryopreservation; PHA (Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry in Guangzhou). Preparation of conventional chromosome specimen Chromosome specimens slice of chicken, quail and ripe Chicken-Quail hybrids prepared[2] by the peripheral blood lymphocyte cultivation, airing. Chromosome specimens slice of Chicken-Quail hybrids prepared by embryonic. Referring the methods of preparing the chromosome sample of G-zonation of Chen guo-hong[3] and so on(2003), then preparing the chromosome sample of C-zonation for using the regulation of BSG[4]. Chromosome analysis method Chromosome sections with Giemsa stained can be counted under a microscope. The diploid chromosome number are counted under the microscope with selecting of good chromosome spread and fission phasing of limpid appearance (50 male and 50 female). The 3 metakinesis phasing and good chromosome spread and limpid appearance selected in each poultry were carried out microphotograph under the immersion objective choice. The long and short arms of first 10 pairs chromosomes were measured by Photoshop image-processing software, then according to the following formula, calculated the relative length of each chromosomes, arm ratio and Centromere index. According to the standards of Leven, regular karyogram were got for the size, the location of centromere of chromosomes. For using the mean value of karyotype parameter, we can draw a ideograph of karyotype. Relative length=-100 Arm ratio= Centromere index=-100 The good metaphase G-band ideograph for division of zone of chicken, quail and a hybrid were shooted. With the survey of microscope, the number of stripe, the relative location of stripe, the shade of colouration and the width of stripe were all sure. The number of stripe for the first 10 pairs chromosomes of each cellule were calculated, and counted the frequency of modal number of stripe. Partited[5] the zone for referencing the pattern of the G-zonation of Gallus gallus domestica, then drawed the mode of the G-zonation of intermediate stage for chicken, quails and hybrid species. The condition of metaphase phasing C zonation with alkali treatment was observed under the microscope, selecting complete limpid metakinesis phasing of good disposal, chromatosis and disintegration for micrograph, magnification, cutting out, paring, with the analysis of the C-band characteristics, location show, and other laws, focusing on observation of the W chromosome morphous and banding circumstances . Results and analysis Karyotype analysis of Chicken, Quail and Their Hybrids Diploid (2n) cell chromosome number Chromosome sections of Chicken, quail and a hybrid were carried out conventional Giemsa staining with the selection of 100 good desintegrate phasing respectively for micrograph and the statistics of diploid chromosomes, the results shown in Table 1. Table 1 The diploid chromosomes of Chicken, Quail and Their Hybrids From table 2, 10 pairs macrochromosome and 29 pairs minute chromosome are included in the chromosomes of chickens and quails, and minute chromosome are telocentric chromosome with sex determination style of ZZ (à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡) and ZW (à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã¢â€š ¬). No. 3, No. 5, No. 7, No. 9 chromosome in chicken autosome are t-type, No. 1, No. 2, No. 8 chromosome are m-type; No. 4, No. 6 chromosome are sm-type; except the quail autosome No. 1 chromosome for sm-type, No. 2 chromosome for the m-type, No. 4 chromosome for st-type; other chromosomes are t-type. The Z chromosome of chicken and quails are m-type and the fifth macrochromosome; for chicken, the W chromosome is m-type, with the length the same as No. 8 chromosome; for quail, the W chromosome is t-type, with the length between No. 7 chromosome and No. 8 chromosome. Chromosome karyotype of Chicken-Quail hybrids Table 3 The parameter of macrochromosomes of Chicken-Quail hybridsà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ Ã‚ ±SEà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ° The chromosome parameters of Chicken-Quail hybrids in Table 3, compared with chromosome karyotype parameters of chicken, quail in Table 2 found that each chromosome of every chromosome of the hybrid is basically same chromosome karyotype of chicken, quail with sex determination style for ZZ (à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡) and ZW (à ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã¢â€š ¬). Based on the result of Table 2 and Table 3, the ideograph of first 10 pairs of chickens, quails and hybrid species were drawed(see figure 5 and 6) , and reviewed the appearance of each chromosomes. The karyogram of chickens, quails, adult hybrid and majority hybrid species and their embryo were showed from figure 2 to figure 5. The matched-pairs of chromosomes in figure 3 and figure 4, in which the left of paired chromosomes is from chicken and the right is from quails. Disposition of Chicken-Quail hybrids early embryo sex proportion According to the chromosome karyotype and heterosome differences combing with the C-band banding pattern figure, the early sexuality identification of crossing progeny is carried out for 5 selected time. 90 embryos at early age are choosen, of which 24 female and 66 male are included. With the comparison of the theoretical, female and male ratio take on a significant difference (P

Life: A User’s Manual by Georges Perec Essay

Life: A User’s Manual by Georges Perec was originally written in French in 1978 and was translated in English by David Bellos in 1988. The original work is quite complex and a rich work of art and because of this, its title page describes it as novels i. e. , in plural. The matter becomes clear as we go on reading the book. Perec has imagined the whole story when he was working with a jigsaw puzzle and it is considered as one of his most remembered work. Perec’s books are all examples of his playfulness and all his works are typical in some way or other. Life: A User’s Manual is a combination of short tories and it seems Perec wants to tell the readers that life is like a jigsaw puzzle and we have to arrange the jigsaws to get a coherent picture. Perec tells, It’s not the subject of the picture, or the painter’s technique, which makes a puzzle more or less difficult, but the greater or lesser subtletly of the way it has been cut; an arbitrary cutting pattern will necessarily produce an arbitrary degree of difficulty. . . The art of jigsaw puzzling begins with wooden puzzles cut by hand, whose maker undertakes to ask himself all the questions the player will have to solve, and, instead of llowing chance to cover his tracks, aims to replace it with cunning, trickery and subterfuge. In the story there is an extremely rich Englishman, Bartlebooth who has some plans that will occupy his rest of life and spend his fortune at the same time. He spent his first ten years learning to paint with watercolors and then twenty years went for a trip round the world with his faithful servant Smautf. During this trip his servant makes paintings of different ports in watercolor and Bartlebooth sends each of the paintings to France. Here he painting is glued to a support board and a selected craftsman cuts it cautiously into a jigsaw puzzle. When Bartlebooth returns he spends his time solving these jigsaw puzzles. As the puzzles get solved, the paper is rebound with the help of a special solution and the wooden support is removed. Then it is sent to the port where it was painted and is immersed in the water till the colors get dissolved leaving just the faint marks of a painting on the paper and the marks of rejoining of the paper too. This paper is once again returned to Bartlebooth. In the end there was nothing to show what he had done in the last 50 years f his life. This was an ongoing process and eventually as the puzzles became difficult Bartlebooth turned blind and while he was working on his 439th puzzle he died and he was sixteen months behind his project. This is the story so carefully written that the reader finds it interesting as well as occupied completely with the story. The narrator wants to tell his readers through his character, Bratlebooth that life can be seen in the same way, i. e. , like the paintings that are turned into jigsaw puzzles and when the puzzle is solved it is turned into a blank paper once again. This shows that the events in our life are like the paintings that need to be arranged into coherent pictures and then it should be forgotten completely. Take a new jigsaw puzzle or any problem in life and solve it. One should not get too much attached to anything in life even if you have given it your beautiful and youthful years. Things, people and events are meant to come and go and there is no need to get too much involved with any of them. The story is told in six parts and occupies ninety-nine chapters. The story in fact begins ith a jigsaw puzzle and the reader finds that the whole story is in itself a jigsaw puzzle but so interestingly and uniquely written that the reader feels completely involved in the story. Perec’s puzzle can be related to a number of events and characters of the story and as you read on you will find that you are actually solving a puzzle like situation. There are different types of descriptions in this book and the book seems to gather so many stories but very neatly bound between two shiny covers. The character of this book resembles the actual world and life where we find that everything is like a puzzle and we eed to solve each one and then it vanishes from our hands after sometime. There are depths upon depths in this book, which is felt when the reader inspects it closely. The book is written like the chess game and the narrator always jumps two spaces like a knight and has arranged the apartment building like chessboard. The narrator wants to tell you that life is like the puzzle pieces and when you try and arrange them to complete a logical picture, it tricks you. But you should go on solving new and different problems or situations in life even if you find yourself tricked by some of them.